01 Yintoni uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound?
Ukuthetha malunga nokuba yintoni i-ultrasound, kufuneka siqale siqonde ukuba yintoni i-ultrasound.I-Ultrasonic wave luhlobo lwezandi zamaza, eyeyamaza omatshini.Amaza omsindo anezandi ezingaphezulu komda ongaphezulu wento eviwa yindlebe yomntu (20,000 Hz, 20 KHZ) yi-ultrasound, ngelixa i-ultrasound zonyango ngokuqhelekileyo zivela kwi-2 ukuya kwi-13 yezigidi ze-Hz (2-13 MHZ).Umgaqo wokucinga wovavanyo lwe-ultrasound ngulo: Ngenxa yokuxinana kwamalungu omntu kunye nomahluko kwisantya sokusasazwa kwamaza omsindo, i-ultrasound iya kubonakaliswa ngamaqondo ahlukeneyo, i-probe ifumana i-ultrasound ebonakaliswa ngamalungu ahlukeneyo kwaye icutshungulwa yikhompyuter yenza imifanekiso ye-ultrasonic, ngaloo ndlela inikezela i-ultrasonography yelungu ngalinye lomzimba womntu, kwaye i-sonographer ihlalutya le ultrasonography ukufezekisa injongo yokuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kwezifo.
02 Ngaba i-ultrasound iyingozi kumzimba womntu?
Inani elikhulu lezifundo kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kubonakalise ukuba uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound lukhuselekile kumzimba womntu, kwaye akufuneki sizive sixhalabile ngalo.Ukususela kuhlalutyo lomgaqo, i-ultrasound kukuhanjiswa kwe-vibration yomatshini kwi-medium, xa isasazeka kwi-biological medium kunye ne-irradiation dose idlula umda othile, iya kuba nefuthe elisebenzayo okanye lesakhiwo kwi-biological medium, eyimpembelelo yebhayoloji. kwi-ultrasound.Ngokwendlela yokusebenza kwayo, inokwahlulwa ibe: isiphumo somatshini, umphumo we-thixotropic, umphumo we-thermal, i-acoustic flow effect, i-cavitation effect, njl., kunye nemiphumo emibi kakhulu ixhomekeke kubukhulu bedosi kunye nobude bexesha lokuhlola. .Nangona kunjalo, sinokuqiniseka ukuba i-ultrasonic diagnostic instrument yangoku ihambelana ngokungqongqo kunye ne-United States FDA kunye nemigangatho ye-CFDA yase-China, idosi ingaphakathi kuluhlu olukhuselekileyo, ukuba nje ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwexesha lokuhlola, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound akukho. umonakalo kumzimba womntu.Ukongezelela, iRoyal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists icebisa ukuba ubuncinane ii-ultrasounds ezine zaphambi kokubeleka kufuneka zenziwe phakathi kokufakelwa kunye nokuzalwa, okwaneleyo ukubonisa ukuba i-ultrasounds ibonwa kwihlabathi jikelele njengekhuselekile kwaye inokwenziwa ngokuzithemba okupheleleyo, nakwi-fetus.
03 Kutheni ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ngaphambi koviwo "Isisu esingenalutho", "umchamo ogcweleyo", "ukuchama"?
Nokuba "kuzila", "ukubamba umchamo", okanye "ukuchama", kukuphepha amanye amalungu esiswini ukuphazamisa amalungu kufuneka siwaxilonge.
Kuvavanyo oluthile lwamalungu, njengesibindi, i-bile, i-pancreas, i-spleen, imithambo yegazi yezintso, imithwalo yesisu, njl., isisu esingenalutho siyafuneka ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.Ngenxa yokuba umzimba womntu emva kokutya, umgudu wesisu uya kuvelisa igesi, kwaye i-ultrasound "iyoyika" igesi.Xa i-ultrasound idibana negesi, ngenxa yokwahlukana okukhulu kwi-conductivity yegesi kunye nezicubu zomntu, ininzi ye-ultrasound ibonakaliswe, ngoko ke izitho ezisemva kwegesi azikwazi ukuboniswa.Nangona kunjalo, izitho ezininzi kwisisu zifumaneka kufuphi okanye ngasemva kwesisu, ngoko ke isisu esingenalutho siyafuneka ukuze kugwenywe impembelelo yegesi kwindawo yesisu kumgangatho womfanekiso.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, emva kokutya, i-bile kwi-gallbladder iya kukhutshwa ukuze incede ukugaya, i-gallbladder iya kuncipha, kwaye ingabonakali ngokucacileyo, kwaye isakhiwo kunye neenguqu ezingaqhelekanga kuyo ziya kungabonakali ngokwemvelo.Ngoko ke, phambi kokuhlolwa kwesibindi, i-bile, i-pancreas, i-spleen, i-spleen, imithwalo yegazi emikhulu yesisu, imithwalo yezintso, abantu abadala kufuneka bazile ukutya ixesha elingaphezu kweeyure ezi-8, kwaye abantwana kufuneka bazile ukutya ubuncinane iiyure ezi-4.
Xa uqhuba iimviwo ze-ultrasound zenkqubo ye-urinary kunye ne-gynecology (i-transabdominal), kuyimfuneko ukuzalisa i-bladder (ubambe umchamo) ukuze ubonise amalungu afanelekileyo ngokucacileyo.Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho isisu phambi kwesinyi, kukho ukuphazamiseka kwegesi rhoqo, xa sibamba umchamo ukuze sigcwalise isinyi, kuya kuthi ngokwemvelo kutyhale amathumbu "kude", unokwenza i-bladder ibonise ngokucacileyo.Ngelo xesha, i-bladder kwisimo esipheleleyo sinokubonisa ngokucacileyo izilonda ze-bladder kunye ne-bladder.Kufana nebhegi.Xa icoliwe, asiyiboni into engaphakathi, kodwa xa siyivula, siyakwazi ukubona.Amanye amalungu, anjenge-prostate, isibeleko, kunye ne-appendices, afuna isinyi esigcweleyo njengefestile ecacileyo ukuze kuhlolwe ngcono.Ngoko ke, kwezi zinto zoviwo ezifunekayo ukubamba umchamo, ngokuqhelekileyo uphuze amanzi alula kwaye ungachami iiyure ezingama-1-2 ngaphambi koviwo, uze ukhangele xa kukho injongo ecacileyo yokuchama.
I-ultrasound ye-gynecological ultrasound esikhankanywe ngasentla luviwo lwe-ultrasound ngodonga lwesisu, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukubamba umchamo phambi koviwo.Ngelo xesha, kukho olunye uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound ye-gynecologic, oko kukuthi, i-ultrasound ye-gynecologic ye-transvaginal (eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Yin ultrasound"), efuna umchamo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.Oku kungenxa yokuba i-ultrasound ye-transvaginal yi-probe efakwe kwilungu lobufazi lowesifazane, ebonisa isibeleko kunye ne-appendages ezimbini phezulu, kwaye i-bladder ibekwe ngaphantsi nje kwe-uterine appendages, xa izalisekile, iya kutyhala isibeleko kunye nezimbini. i-appendages ngasemva, ibenza babe kude ne-probe yethu, okukhokelela kwiziphumo zomfanekiso ongemhle.Ukongeza, i-ultrasound ye-transvaginal isoloko ifuna ukuhlolwa koxinzelelo, iya kuvuselela isinyi, ukuba i-bladder igcwele ngeli xesha, isigulane siya kuba nokungonwabi okucacileyo, kunokubangela ukuxilongwa okuphosiweyo.
04 Kutheni izinto zincangathi?
Xa usenza uviwo lwe-ultrasound, ulwelo oluselubala olusetyenziswe ngugqirha luyi-agent edibanisayo, eyi-polymer gel yokulungiswa kwamanzi, enokwenza i-probe kunye nomzimba wethu womntu udibanise ngokungenamthungo, uthintele umoya ukuba ungachaphazeli ukuqhutyelwa kwamaza e-ultrasonic, kwaye uphucule kakhulu umgangatho we-imaging ye-ultrasonic.Ngaphezu koko, inempembelelo ethile yokuthambisa, eyenza i-probe ibe mpuluswa ngakumbi xa ityibilika kumphezulu womzimba wesigulana, nto leyo enokonga amandla kagqirha kwaye inciphise ngokuphawulekayo ukungakhululeki komguli.Olu lwelo alunatyhefu, alunancasa, alucaphukisi, alufane lubangele ukuguquguquka, kwaye lucoceke lula, lome ngokukhawuleza, jonga ngetawuli yephepha elithambileyo okanye itawuli inokosulwa icoceke, okanye icoceke ngamanzi.
05 Gqirha, ngaba uvavanyo lwam yayingengo "color ultrasound"?
Kutheni ujonge imifanekiso "emnyama namhlophe"
Okokuqala, kufuneka uqonde ukuba umbala we-ultrasound awukho umbala weTV kumakhaya ethu.Ngokonyango, i-ultrasound yemibala ibhekisa kumbala we-Doppler ultrasound, owenziwe ngokubeka ngaphezulu umqondiso wokuhamba kwegazi kumfanekiso omacala mabini we-B-ultrasound (uhlobo lwe-B-uhlobo lwe-ultrasound) emva kokufakwa kwekhowudi yombala.Apha, "umbala" ubonisa imeko yokuhamba kwegazi, xa sivula umsebenzi weDoppler umbala, umfanekiso uya kubonakala ubomvu okanye ubomvu begazi.Lo ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo kwinkqubo yethu yokuhlola i-ultrasound, engabonakalisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwizitho zethu eziqhelekileyo kwaye ibonise ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwindawo ye-lesion.Umfanekiso wamacala amabini we-ultrasound usebenzisa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo angwevu ukumela i-echoes ezahlukeneyo zamalungu kunye nezilonda, ngoko kubonakala "kumnyama namhlophe".Umzekelo, umfanekiso ongezantsi, ekhohlo ngumfanekiso omacala mabini, ikakhulu ubonisa i-anatomy yezicubu zomntu, ujongeka "mnyama nomhlophe", kodwa xa ubekwe ngaphezulu kumbala obomvu, umqondiso wokuhamba kwegazi oluhlaza, uba ngumbala ochanekileyo. "Umbala we-ultrasound".
Ekhohlo: "Black and white" ultrasound Ekunene: "Umbala" ultrasound
06 Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba intliziyo lilungu elibaluleke kakhulu.
Ke yintoni okufuneka uyazi malunga ne-cardiac ultrasound?
I-cardiac echocardiography luvavanyo olungangeneleliyo olusebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-ultrasound ukujonga ngamandla ubungakanani, imilo, ulwakhiwo, ivalve, i-hemodynamics kunye nokusebenza kwentliziyo yentliziyo.Inexabiso elibalulekileyo lokuxilonga kwisifo senhliziyo esizalwa kunye nesifo senhliziyo, isifo se-valvular kunye ne-cardiomyopathy echaphazelekayo yizinto ezifunyenweyo.Ngaphambi kokwenza olu viwo, abantu abadala abafuni ukuba bakhuphe isisu, kwaye abafuni amanye amalungiselelo akhethekileyo, banikele ingqalelo ekumiseni ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwentliziyo (njenge-digitalis, njl.), Banxibe iimpahla ezivulekileyo ukuze kube lula uviwo.Xa abantwana benza i-cardiac ultrasound, ngenxa yokuba ukukhala kwabantwana kuya kuchaphazela kakhulu uvavanyo lukagqirha lwentliziyo yegazi, abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3 bacetyiswa ngokubanzi ukuba bahlalise emva koviwo ngoncedo lwabantwana.Kubantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala, i-sedation inokumiselwa ngokwemeko yomntwana.Kubantwana abakhala kakhulu kwaye abanako ukusebenzisana noviwo, kucetyiswa ukuba uqhube uviwo emva kwe-sedation.Kubantwana abanentsebenziswano ngakumbi, unokuqwalasela uvavanyo oluthe ngqo olukhatshwa ngabazali.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-30-2023
