01 Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound?
Ukukhuluma ngokuthi iyini i-ultrasound, kufanele siqale siqonde ukuthi iyini i-ultrasound.I-Ultrasonic wave iwuhlobo lwamagagasi omsindo, okungeye-mechanical wave.Amaza omsindo anamaza angaphezu komkhawulo ophezulu walokho indlebe yomuntu engakuzwa (20,000 Hz, 20 KHZ) ayi-ultrasound, kuyilapho amaza e-ultrasound ezokwelapha ngokuvamile asuka ku-2 ukuya ku-13 million Hz (2-13 MHZ).Umgomo we-imaging wokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound uthi: Ngenxa yokuminyana kwezitho zomuntu kanye nomehluko wejubane lokusakazeka kwamagagasi omsindo, i-ultrasound izobonakala ngamadigri ahlukene, i-probe ithola i-ultrasound eboniswa yizitho ezihlukene futhi icutshungulwe yikhompyutha ukuze yakha izithombe ze-ultrasonic, ngaleyo ndlela wethula i-ultrasonography yesitho ngasinye somzimba womuntu, futhi i-sonographer ihlaziya lezi zithombe ze-ultrasonography ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwezifo.
02 Ingabe i-ultrasound iyingozi emzimbeni womuntu?
Inani elikhulu lezifundo kanye nezicelo ezingokoqobo ziye zafakazela ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound kuphephile emzimbeni womuntu, futhi akudingeki sizizwe sikhathazekile ngakho.Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwesimiso, i-ultrasound iwukudluliselwa kokudlidliza kwemishini endaweni ephakathi, lapho isakazeka endaweni yezinto eziphilayo futhi umthamo we-irradiation udlula umkhawulo othile, uzoba nomthelela osebenzayo noma wesakhiwo endaweni yebhayoloji, okuwumphumela webhayoloji. kwe-ultrasound.Ngokwendlela yokusebenza kwayo, ingahlukaniswa: umphumela wemishini, umphumela we-thixotropic, umphumela oshisayo, umphumela wokugeleza kwe-acoustic, umphumela we-cavitation, njll., kanye nemiphumela yayo emibi ikakhulukazi incike kusayizi womthamo kanye nobude besikhathi sokuhlola. .Kodwa-ke, singaqiniseka ukuthi imboni yamanje yethuluzi lokuxilonga i-ultrasonic ithobelana ngokuqinile namazinga e-United States FDA kanye ne-China CFDA, umthamo ungaphakathi kwebanga eliphephile, inqobo nje uma ukulawula okunengqondo kwesikhathi sokuhlola, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound akunakho. ukulimala emzimbeni womuntu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, iRoyal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists itusa ukuthi okungenani kwenziwe ama-ultrasound amane ngaphambi kokubeletha phakathi kokufakelwa nokuzalwa, okwanele ukufakazela ukuthi ama-ultrasound aqashelwa emhlabeni wonke njengaphephile futhi angenziwa ngokuzethemba okuphelele, ngisho nasezinganeni.
03 Kungani ngezinye izikhathi kudingekile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa "Isisu esingenalutho", "umchamo ogcwele", "ukuchama"?
Ukuthi "ukuzila", "ukubamba umchamo", noma "ukuchama", kungukugwema ezinye izitho ezisesiswini ukuthi ziphazamise izitho okufanele sizihlole.
Ukuze kuhlolwe isitho esithile, njengesibindi, i-bile, amanyikwe, ubende, imithambo yegazi yezinso, imithambo yesisu, njll., isisu esingenalutho siyadingeka ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.Ngenxa yokuthi umzimba womuntu ngemva kokudla, umgudu wamathumbu uzokhiqiza igesi, futhi i-ultrasound "iyasaba" igesi.Lapho i-ultrasound ihlangana negesi, ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu ekuphatheni kwegesi kanye nezicubu zomuntu, iningi le-ultrasound liyavela, ngakho-ke izitho ezingemuva kwegesi azikwazi ukuboniswa.Kodwa-ke, izitho eziningi ezisesiswini zitholakala eduze noma ngemuva kwepheshana lesisu, ngakho-ke isisu esingenalutho siyadingeka ukuze kugwenywe umthelela wegesi emgudwini wesisu kukhwalithi yesithombe.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngemva kokudla, i-bile ku-gallbladder izokhishwa ukusiza ukugaya, i-gallbladder izoshwabana, futhi ingabonakali ngokucacile, futhi isakhiwo kanye nezinguquko ezingavamile kuyo ngokwemvelo ngeke zibonakale.Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwesibindi, i-bile, amanyikwe, ubende, imithambo yegazi emikhulu yesisu, imithambo yezinso, abantu abadala kufanele bazile ukudla amahora angaphezu kwama-8, futhi izingane kufanele zizile ukudla okungenani amahora ama-4.
Lapho wenza ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound yesistimu ye-urinary kanye ne-gynecology (i-transabdominal), kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa esinyeni (ubambe umchamo) ukuze ubonise izitho ezifanele ngokucacile.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kukhona ithumbu phambi esinyeni, ngokuvamile kukhona ukuphazamiseka kwegesi, lapho sibambe umchamo ukugcwalisa esinyeni, kuyoba ngokwemvelo ukusunduza amathumbu "kude", ungenza isinye sibonise ngokucacile.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isinye esimweni esigcwele singabonisa ngokucacile izilonda zodonga lwesinye nesinye.Kufana nesikhwama.Uma seyincibilikile asikwazi ukubona okungaphakathi, kodwa uma siyivula siyabona.Ezinye izitho, njenge-prostate, isibeletho, nama-appendices, zidinga esinyeni esigcwele njengefasitela elisobala ukuze lihlolwe kangcono.Ngakho-ke, kulezi zinto zokuhlola ezidinga ukubamba umchamo, ngokuvamile uphuze amanzi alula futhi ungachami amahora angu-1-2 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, bese uhlola lapho kunenhloso ecacile yokuchama.
I-gynecological ultrasound esikhulume ngayo ngenhla iwukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ngodonga lwesisu, futhi kuyadingeka ukubamba umchamo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona okunye ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ye-gynecologic, okungukuthi, i-ultrasound ye-gynecologic transvaginal (eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-Yin ultrasound"), edinga umchamo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-transvaginal ultrasound iyi-probe efakwa esithweni sangasese sowesifazane, ebonisa isibeletho nama-appendages amabili phezulu, futhi esinyeni sitholakala ngezansi nje ngaphambi kwezingxenye zesibeletho, uma sesigcwale, sizophusha isibeletho kanye nokubili. ama-appendages abuyele emuva, awenze abe kude nophenyo lwethu, okuholela emiphumeleni engalungile yokuthatha izithombe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ultrasound ye-transvaginal ngokuvamile idinga ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi, izophinde ikhuthaze esinyeni, uma isinye sigcwele ngalesi sikhathi, isiguli sizoba nokungakhululeki okusobala, kungabangela ukuxilongwa okuphuthelwe.
04 Kungani izinto ezinamathelayo?
Lapho wenza ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound, uketshezi olusobala olusetshenziswa udokotela luyi-ejenti ehlanganisayo, okuwukulungiswa kwejeli ye-polymer esekwe emanzini, engenza uphenyo nomzimba wethu womuntu uxhumeke ngaphandle komthungo, uvimbele umoya ukuthi ungathinteki ukuqhutshwa kwamagagasi e-ultrasonic, futhi uthuthukise kakhulu ikhwalithi ye-imaging ultrasonic.Ngaphezu kwalokho, inomphumela othile wokugcoba, okwenza i-probe ibe bushelelezi kakhulu lapho ishelela ebusweni bomzimba wesiguli, okungasindisa amandla kadokotela futhi kunciphise kakhulu ukungakhululeki kwesiguli.Lolu ketshezi alunabo ubuthi, alunambitheki, alucasuli, aluvamile ukubangela ukungezwani komzimba, futhi kulula ukuluhlanza, lome ngokushesha, hlola ngethawula lephepha elithambile noma ithawula lingasulwa lihlanzeke, noma lihlanzeke ngamanzi.
05 Dokotela, ingabe ukuhlolwa kwami bekungeyona yini "i-ultrasound yombala"?
Kungani ubheka izithombe kokuthi "okumnyama nokumhlophe"
Okokuqala, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi umbala we-ultrasound awuwona umbala we-TV emakhaya ethu.Ngokomtholampilo, i-ultrasound yombala ibhekisela kumbala we-Doppler ultrasound, owakhiwa ngokubeka phezulu isignali yokugeleza kwegazi esithombeni esinezinhlangothi ezimbili se-B-ultrasound (uhlobo lwe-B-ultrasound) ngemva kokufakwa kwekhodi kombala.Lapha, "umbala" ubonisa isimo sokugeleza kwegazi, lapho sivula umsebenzi we-Doppler umbala, isithombe sizovela isignali yokugeleza kwegazi ebomvu noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Lona umsebenzi obalulekile enqubweni yethu yokuhlola i-ultrasound, engabonisa ukugeleza kwegazi kwezitho zethu ezivamile futhi ibonise ukunikezwa kwegazi kwendawo yezilonda.Isithombe esinezinhlangothi ezimbili se-ultrasound sisebenzisa amazinga ahlukene ampunga ukumela ama-echoes ahlukene ezitho nezilonda, ngakho kubukeka "okumnyama nokumhlophe".Isibonelo, isithombe esingezansi, kwesokunxele siyisithombe esinezinhlangothi ezimbili, sibonisa ngokuyinhloko i-anatomy yezicubu zomuntu, sibukeka "esimnyama nesimhlophe", kodwa uma sibekwe phezulu esignali yokugeleza kwegazi enombala obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, siba umbala ofanele. "Umbala we-ultrasound".
Kwesobunxele: "Okumnyama nokumhlophe" i-ultrasound Kwesokudla: "Umbala" i-ultrasound
06 Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi inhliziyo iyisitho esibaluleke kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke yini okudingeka ukwazi nge-ultrasound yenhliziyo?
I-cardiac echocardiography ukuhlola okungahlanyisi kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasound ukuze kubonwe ngamandla ubukhulu, ukwakheka, ukwakheka, i-valve, i-hemodynamics kanye nokusebenza kwenhliziyo yenhliziyo.Inenani elibalulekile lokuxilonga isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso kanye nesifo senhliziyo, isifo se-valvular kanye ne-cardiomyopathy ethintekayo izici ezitholiwe.Ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa, abantu abadala abadingi ukukhipha isisu, futhi abadingi amanye amalungiselelo akhethekile, qaphela ukumisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezithinta umsebenzi wenhliziyo (njenge-digitalis, njll.), bagqoke izingubo ezivulekile ukuze kube lula ukuhlolwa.Lapho izingane zenza i-cardiac ultrasound, ngenxa yokuthi ukukhala kwezingane kuzothinta kakhulu ukuhlolwa kukadokotela kokugeleza kwegazi kwenhliziyo, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-3 ngokuvamile zinconywa ukuba zithulise ngemva kokuhlolwa ngosizo lodokotela bezingane.Ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3 ubudala, i-sedation inganqunywa ngokuvumelana nesimo somntwana.Ezinganeni ezinokukhala okukhulu futhi ezingakwazi ukubambisana nokuhlolwa, kunconywa ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa ngemva kokudakwa.Ukuze uthole izingane eziningi ezibambisanayo, ungacabangela ukuhlolwa okuqondile okuhambisana nabazali.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-30-2023
